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Studies have shown that the Liner system accounts for 70% of the thermal protection of your turnout. Insulation, comfort and moisture management are the critical functions of the Thermal Liner. The precise balancing of physiological and ergonomic factors in Liner design and construction is the difference between average and exceptional protection.
The thermal liner consists of a woven face cloth quilted to a batting of insulation. The face cloth provides tome thermal protection, stabilizes the thermal liner package, protects the batting, and allows for easier donning and doffing. The batting is made up of one, two, or three layers; multiple thin layers are more flexible and trap air more efficiently than one thicker layer. As generally the higher the overall insulation properties of your turnout gear system (as measured by TPP), the lower its breathability (as measured by THL), your objective is to strike the optimum balance between these characteristics that is appropriate for your department.
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